cover crops + crop rotation

Cover crops are crops planted with the intent of enriching the soil - not the intent of harvesting. They are mostly grown in the off-seasons of farmers' typical crops. For example, if a farmer harvests corn in the summer, he may grow field peas in the early spring as a cover crop. 

So how exactly do cover crops benefit the soil? They add organic matter to the soil, reduce erosion, kickstart nitrogen cycling, reduce weeds, and are a biological form of integrated pest management. Strategically using cover crops that reduce certain pests which may be drawn to a harvestable crop aids in IPM. Rye wheat is a versatile option which rarely attracts diseases or harmful insects.

Cover crops are similar to crop rotation. Crop rotation is farming multiple crops year round in the same field, but they are all harvested. My family uses crop rotation between corn, soybeans and wheat. Local farmer Matt Stegall tells us here about his experience with crop rotation. “Crop rotation is a simple and effective technique that offers numerous benefits for farmers and the environment. By rotating different crops on the same land, farmers can improve soil fertility, structure, and overall health, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Crop rotation also helps to break disease and pest cycles, reducing the risk of crop loss and the development of resistant strains. Additionally, it allows for more efficient use of water and nutrients, leading to increased yields and reduced environmental impact."